Toxicity in the Workplace - 3766 Words

The Toxic Workplace Organizational Behaviour Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the inter-relationship of incivility and toxicity, how bullies are able to become toxic managers, and how they are allowed to develop in a toxic organization. We also analyze the development of organizational pain and how toxin handlers deal it with. Finally, we hope to assess if there is any validity to claims that ‘Generation Z’ is responsible for the recent prevalence of workplace toxicity. What is a toxic workplace? Overview of Toxicity: â€Å"Violence, aggression, bullying, tyranny, harassment, deviance, and injustice †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cortina 2001), the ‘magnificent seven’ anti-socialites comprising Workplace Toxicity. A relatively new†¦show more content†¦Without the use of a â€Å"Toxin Handler† to ameliorate the emotional pain, workplace toxicity affects the bottom line of an organization through lost productivity from distraction, debilitating health issues, and attrition (Scholten). Workplace Incivility: â€Å"I don’t have time to be nice.† Unlike aggressive, violent, and abusive workplaces, where the intent to cause harm is apparent, incivility takes on more ambiguous forms, where the perceptions of the instigator, target, and observer(s), must factor together to determine intent (Andersson, 1999). General incivility, as a primary precursor to a toxic workplace, can be described as rude behavior, or a disregard for others within the organization, stemming from a lack of recognition, or ignorance, of co-workers emotions and values, often taking form in deviance as a protest of dissatisfaction (Kelloway, 2010), and leads to a downward spiral of malcontent. Pearson classifies Incivility as â€Å"Low-intensity deviant behavior with ambiguous intent to harm† stemming from â€Å"Anti-social behavior in violation of workplace norms for mutual respect†.Despite the intent, or lack thereof, the effects of incivility in the workplace are strictly damaging, and as such, must be addressed before spiraling out of con trol. Examples of workplace incivility include ignoring advice and belittling ideas, lack of active listening, taking credit for shared work and public criticism or insults (Johnson, 2001). Even negativeShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Toxic Leadership On Toxic Leaders1392 Words   |  6 Pagesresult in chaos in the workplace. The negative feelings associated with a toxic work environment can cause issues such as attendance issues, low morale, and low productivity. Although a toxic workplace can have serious effects of an individual, there are ways to survive a toxic workplace. The Physical Effects of Toxic Leadership Short Term Health Implications Being exposed to toxic leadership has the potential to be stressful. It has been commonly known that workplace stress affects many onRead MoreOsha Case Study848 Words   |  4 Pagespractices identified below and in the references noted under â€Å"Resources.† Exposure Assessment and Characterization As more information is generated on the mechanisms involving nanomaterial toxicity, it will be determined which measurement technique is best suited to monitor nanoparticle exposure in the workplace. The current research demonstrates that bulk chemistry and mass measurements may be less suited for assessment than the nanoparticle’s properties of surface chemistry, surface area, and particleRead MoreScience Engineering, And Biomedical Applications1658 Words   |  7 Pagesdamage. Nanoparticles can indeed exhibit greater toxicity than a larger sized particle of the same toxicant.2 There are several known mechanisms for nanoparticle toxicity, especially due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).3 A prime example of the deleterious effects of ROS action are presented in the lung inflammation which develop following the inhalation of nanoparticles such as quartz or mineral dust. In addition to known pulmonary toxicity from nanoparticle inhalation, Hussain et alRead Mo reToxic Response of Biological System732 Words   |  3 Pagesteratogenic response may be drugs that are taken during pregnancy, radiation, chemical hazards in workplace, dietary deficiencies and natural contaminants. Teratogenicity is confined to effect of toxins on somatic cells within developing embryo or fetus and the consequent effects on the particular individual. Mutations are heritable changes that are produced in the cell genotype. Genetic toxicity may therefore be induced by various agents that include foreign compounds and this occurrence is anRead MoreEssay On Working In The Workplace1385 Words   |  6 Pagesbesides dishwasher. When I started this job I was a senior high school, which compared to my co-workers, was very young. Most of my co-workers were in their late twenties and thirties. Due to this age gap, I felt very immature and underpowered in the workplace. I felt like I had to follow everybody’s command because it was my first job and felt like I needed to be the perfect worker. There are two issues in this case that put pressure on me to act unethically or not speak up. First, at the beginning ofRead MoreEnvironmental Toxicity and Cancer885 Words   |  3 Pagescarcinogens (toxicity) occurs regularly in the home, the workplace and through consumer products and lifestyle choices (Cancer and Toxic Chemicals, 2012). In fact, environmental factors including smoke, nutrition, and exposure to carcinogens are estimated to be responsible for up to 80% of all cancer deaths in the U.S. There is also a greater potential for toxic materials to interact with human genetic and lifestyle to increase the risks of blood born cancers. The potential for this toxicity remainsRead MoreEssay On Blood Lead Exposure1266 Words   |  6 Pagesmanifestation reported in this study and the elevation in the levels of lead among workers due to exposure at workplace environment. The group of workers (W4 and W5) exceed the biological exposure index (BEI) of American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) which is set as 30 µg/dL (ACGIH, 2011). Clearly these two groups are showing the effect of their extended workplace exposure. Earlier the workers were examined for general health status along with healthy controls and significantRead MoreImpact Of Toxicity Of Commercial Sodium Salt On Kidney And Dna Of Ma le Mice Part 11561 Words   |  7 PagesImpact toxicity of commercial Sodium Chlorid Salt on Kidney and DNA of male mice Part 1 1*Aly, H. M. 2Gamela S.M. El-Saeed, 3Rizka K.Ali. 1Department of Cell Biology, 2Department of Medical Biochemistry, 3Department of Water Pollution Research, Abstract: Sodium chloride is widely used in various industrial, medical and food applications that increasing human exposure to it by excessive amount. However, almost all studies focused on its nephrotoxicity and adaptation of kidney cells to high concentrationRead MoreNannomaterials In Literature Report1703 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumer products. Presently, there is no standard approach to examining ENM toxicity, and a lot of literature review clearly recommends that ENMs may have toxicity different from similar compounds in bulk or dissolved form. By looking at ENMs used in the semiconductor manufacturing process called chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) for their properties, removal in the wastewater treatment system (WWT), in-vitro toxicity, and location post-inhalation in-vivo; It was discovered that ENMs in CMPRead MoreThe Uranium Was Discovered By Martin Klaproth771 Words   |  4 Pagesas its byproduct. Uranium primarily emits alpha radiation, however, lower levels of both be ta and gamma radiation are also emitted. Exposure to uranium can result in both chemical and radiological toxicity. The main chemical effect associated with exposure to uranium and its compounds is kidney toxicity. It can substitute for calcium in the bones and thus contribute to developing osteoporosis. It can combine with and bind citrates and carbonates in your body. It can deposit in your liver, spleen

Describe the main features of American federalism. Essay

American federalism is constantly used as a benchmark for democratic societies. Having been successfully implemented along with the constitution, it has shown that it has been able to adapt to the changing environments throughout history. One scholar has claimed, â€Å"Federalism – old style – is dead.† However I disagree. In the following paragraphs, I will show how federalism is a part of the United States but how some problems make it seem like it is failing in the modern environment. American federalism is a system of dual-sovereignty between two levels of government. It is a constitutional feature that power is divided between the national government and the governments of the states, and that both are mutually dependant on the other†¦show more content†¦Extend the sphere and you take in a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens By introducing a federal system of government, the power is diffused between the states and the national government. Because this system takes in a large number of people, it is better than a centralised government as â€Å"†¦you take in a greater variety of parties and interests† meaning minorities are protected, as there are too many interests for any one majority to have power. Following on from this, it prevents centralised power. As both the states and the national government share the power, one cannot act without the support of the other. There is a common understanding between the two as to what each is responsible for – it is outlined in the constitution. It would be impossible for one to intrude upon the other’s control. Because of this, the national government cannot become more powerful than the states. Indeed, Hamilton voices fears in Federalist No. 17 that â€Å"It will always be far more easy for the State governments to encroach upon the nat ional authorities than for the national government to encroach upon the State authorities.† Even if this became the case, the power would still be divided between the individual states, so power could still not be centralised. Federalism preserves theShow MoreRelatedNature of Indian Constitution11177 Words   |  45 Pagesconstitution of India is completely federal or unitary in nature. But actually Indian constitution contains both features of a federal constitution and unitary constitution. 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For example after the gun incidents in America, someRead MoreThe Design Of A Constitution Of Any Country Has Impacts On Politics And Society2625 Words   |  11 Pagesauthoritarian regime and how the institutions that are stated in the constitution are organised for example the government, the legislature, the electoral system and the party system and this piece of academic writing will demonstrate how. How can one describe a constitution? 1) A constitution can be written or unwritten. Written constitutions are entrenched meaning that if something in the constitution needed to be amended, it would be difficult to do so. For example after the numerous gun incidents inRead MoreResiduary Power Art.2489736 Words   |  39 Pagesunion or a composite of a novel type. It is often defined to be quasi-federal in nature. Under Indian Constitution seventh schedule has important place in regards with the distribution of power. Distribution of power is one of the important features of Federalism. 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If a Canadian film is assumed to fulfil certain critical expectations before it exists, simply because it is Canadian, how can it represent the current state of a supposed Canadian cultural identity? The critical solution in a post-modern age is often found in plurality. In Canadas Hollywood: The Canadian State and Feature Films (1993), Ted Magder rightly suggests a criticalRead MoreAmerican Civil Rights Movement Essay15820 Words   |  64 Pages1. American Civil Rights Movement THE BLACKS 1865 and 1870 - Three Constitutional amendments: The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment gave blacks the rights of citizenship, and The Fifteenth Amendment gave them the right to vote. Until the modern civil rights movement (1950s) blacks were denied access to public places such as restaurants, hotels, theaters, and schools. There were separate facilities marked colored only, which was sanctioned by the courts. 1896Read MoreAssignments: Human Rights Law4555 Words   |  19 Pagesfor each activity to make your money count. j) Build a strong sales force - Develop a unified sales team focused on customer needs and expectations. Indeed, your sales representatives should become business partners to your customers. Following are main items of printing business:- †¢ Banners, Booklets, Bookmark, Brochures and catalogs. †¢ Business Cards, Calendars †¢ Carbonless Forms †¢ CD DVD covers, CD Inlays †¢ Color Copies †¢ Custom Logo Designs †¢ Envelopes, Letterhead †¢ Fliers Trifolds †¢Read MorePolitical Risk Management and Insurance: A Contextual Comparison12751 Words   |  51 Pagescountry are impacted by the quality of governance in that particular country in terms of costs and profits. The characteristics of host country such as democracy (Li and Reesnick, 2003; Jensen, 2008); restrictions on the executive (Henisz, 2000); federalism (Jensen and McGillivray, 2005), and corruption (Habib and Zurawicki, 2003; Javorcik and Wei, 2009), all impact the businesses and foreign direct investment to a given host country. Previously researchers have focused on different aspects of politicalRead MoreUnit 1 Economic Environment of Business14187 Words   |  57 PagesManagement 1.8 Economic and Non-Economic Environment : The Interaction Matrix 1.9 Summary 1.10 Key Words 1.11 Further Reading 1.12 Self-assessment Questions 1.1 INTRODUCTION You may have a variety of reasons for studying this course, but the main reason, we presume, is to become a successful manager. Your success or failure as a manager depends on a number of factors and these factors may not always be within your control; very often such factors constitute your work environment. These

Forward the Foundation Chapter 23 Free Essays

5 â€Å"Dad,† said Raych with some concern, â€Å"you look tired.† â€Å"I dare say,† said Hari Seldon, â€Å"I feel tired. But how are you?† Raych was forty-four now and his hair was beginning to show a bit of gray, but his mustache remained thick and dark and very Dahlite in appearance. We will write a custom essay sample on Forward the Foundation Chapter 23 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seldon wondered if he touched it up with dye, but it would have been the wrong thing to ask. Seldon said, â€Å"Are you through with your lecturing for a while?† â€Å"For a while. Not for long. And I’m glad to be home and see the baby and Manella and Wanda-and you, Dad.† â€Å"Thank you. But I have news for you, Raych. No more lecturing. I’m going to need you here.† Raych frowned. â€Å"What for?† On two different occasions he had been sent to carry out delicate missions, but those were back during the days of the Joranumite menace. As far as he knew, things were quiet now, especially with the overthrow of the junta and the reestablishment of a pale Emperor. â€Å"It’s Wanda,† said Seldon. â€Å"Wanda? What’s wrong with Wanda?† â€Å"Nothing’s wrong with her, but we’re going to have to work out a complete genome for her-and for you and Manella as well-and eventually for the new baby.† â€Å"For Bellis, too? What’s going on?† Seldon hesitated. â€Å"Raych, you know that your mother and I always thought there was something lovable about you, something that inspired affection and trust.† â€Å"I know you thought so. You said so often enough when you were trying to get me to do something difficult. But I’ll be honest with you. I never felt it.† â€Å"No, you won over me and†¦ and Dors.† (He had such trouble saying the name, even though four years had passed since her destruction.) â€Å"You won over Rashelle of Wye. You won over Jo-Jo Joranum. You won over Manella. How do you account for all that?† â€Å"Intelligence and charm,† said Raych, grinning. â€Å"Have you thought you might have been in touch with their-our-minds?† â€Å"No, I’ve never thought that. And now that you mention it, I think it’s ridiculous. With all due respect, Dad, of course.† â€Å"What if I told you that Wanda seems to have read Yugo’s mind during a moment of crisis?† â€Å"Coincidence or imagination, I should say.† â€Å"Raych, I knew someone once who could handle people’s minds as easily as you and I handle conversation.† â€Å"Who was that?† â€Å"I can’t speak of him. Take my word for it, though.† â€Å"Well-† said Raych dubiously. â€Å"I’ve been at the Galactic Library, checking on such matters. There is a curious story, about twenty thousand years old and therefore back to the misty origins of hyperspatial travel. It’s about a young woman, not much more than Wanda’s age, who could communicate with an entire planet that circled a sun called Nemesis.† â€Å"Surely a fairytale.† â€Å"Surely. And incomplete, at that. But the similarity with Wanda is astonishing.† Raych said, â€Å"Dad, what are you planning?† â€Å"I’m not sure, Raych. I need to know the genome and I have to find others like Wanda. I have a notion that youngsters are born-not often but occasionally-with such mental abilities, but that, in general, it merely gets them in trouble and they learn to mask it. And as they grow tip, their ability, their talent, is buried deep within their minds- sort of an unconscious act of self-preservation. Surely in the Empire or even just among Trantor’s forty billion, there must be more of that sort, like Wanda, and if I know the genome I want, I can test those I think may be so.† â€Å"And what would you do with them if you found them, Dad?† â€Å"I have the notion that they are what I need for the further development of psychohistory.† Raych said, â€Å"And Wanda is the first of the type you know about and you intend to make a psychohistorian out of her?† â€Å"Perhaps.† â€Å"Like Yugo. Dad, no!† â€Å"Why no?† â€Å"Because I want her to grow up like a normal girl and become a normal woman. I will not have you sitting her before the Prime Radiant and make her into a living monument to psychohistorical mathematics.† Seldon said, â€Å"It may not come to that, Raych, but we must have her genome. You know that for thousands of years there have been suggestions that every human being have his genome on file. It’s only the expense that’s kept it from becoming standard practice; no one doubts the usefulness of it. Surely you see the advantages. If nothing else, we will know Wanda’s tendencies toward a variety of physiological disorders. If we had ever had Yugo’s genome, I am certain he would not now be dying. Surely we can go that far.† â€Å"Well, maybe, Dad, but no further. I’m willing to bet that Manella is going to be a lot firmer on this than I am.† Seldon said, â€Å"Very well. But remember, no more lecture tours. I need you at home.† â€Å"We’ll see,† Raych said and left. Seldon sat there in a quandary. Eto Demerzel, the one person he knew who could handle minds, would have known what to do. Dors, with her nonhuman knowledge, might have known what to do. For himself, he had a dim vision of a new psychohistory-but nothing more than that. 6 It was not an easy task to obtain a complete genome of Wanda. To begin with, the number of biophysicists equipped to handle the genome was small and those that existed were always busy. Nor was it possible for Seldon to discuss his needs openly, in order to interest the biophysicists. It was absolutely essential, Seldon felt, that the true reason for his interest in Wanda’s mental powers be kept secret from all the Galaxy. And if another difficulty was needed, it was the fact that the process was infernally expensive. Seldon shook his head and said to Mian Endelecki, the biophysicist he was now consulting, â€Å"Why so expensive, Dr. Endelecki? I am not an expert in the field, but it is my distinct understanding that the process is completely computerized and that, once you have a scraping of skin cells, the genome can be completely built and analyzed in a matter of days.† â€Å"That’s true. But having a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule stretching out for billions of nucleotides, with every purine and pyrimidine in its place, is the least of it; the very least of it, Professor Seldon. There is then the matter of studying each one and comparing it to some standard. â€Å"Now, consider, in the first place, that although we have records of complete genomes, they represent a vanishingly small fraction of the number of genomes that exist, so that we don’t really know how standard they are.† Seldon asked, â€Å"Why so few?† â€Å"A number of reasons. The expense, for one thing. Few people are willing to spend the credits on it unless they have strong reason to think there is something wrong with their genome. And if they have no strong reason, they are reluctant to undergo analysis for fear they will find something wrong. Now, then, are you sure you want your granddaughter genomed?† â€Å"Yes, I do. It is terribly important.† â€Å"Why? Does she show signs of a metabolic anomaly?† â€Å"No, she doesn’t. Rather the reverse-if I knew the antonym of ‘anomaly.’ I consider her a most unusual person and I want to know just what it is that makes her unusual.† â€Å"Unusual in what way?† â€Å"Mentally, but it’s impossible for me to go into details, since I don’t entirely understand it. Maybe I will, once she is genomed.† â€Å"How old is she?† â€Å"Twelve. She’ll soon be thirteen.† â€Å"In that case, I’ll need permission from her parents.† Seldon cleared his throat. â€Å"That may be difficult to get. I’m her grandfather. Wouldn’t my permission be enough?† â€Å"For me, certainly. But, you know, we’re talking about the law. I don’t wish to lose my license to practice.† It was necessary for Seldon to approach Raych again. This, too, was difficult, as he protested once more that he and his wife, Manella, wanted Wanda to live a normal life of a normal girl. What if her genome did turn out to be abnormal? Would she be whisked away to be prodded and probed like a laboratory specimen? Would Hari, in his fanatical devotion to his Psychohistory Project, press Wanda into a life of all work and no play, shutting her off from other young people her age? But Seldon was insistent. â€Å"Trust me, Raych. I would never do anything to harm Wanda. But this must be done. I need to know Wanda’s genome. If it is as I suspect it is, we may be on the verge of altering the course of psychohistory, of the future of the Galaxy itself!† And so Raych was persuaded and somehow he obtained Manella’s consent, as well. And together, the three adults took Wanda to Dr. Endelecki’s office. Mian Endelecki greeted them at the door. Her hair was a shining white, but her face showed no sign of age. She looked at the girl, who walked in with a look of curiosity on her face but with no signs of apprehension or fear. She then turned her gaze to the three adults who had accompanied Wanda. Dr. Endelecki said with a smile, â€Å"Mother, father, and grandfather-am I right?† Seldon answered, â€Å"Absolutely right.† Raych looked hang-dog and Manella, her face a little swollen and her eyes a little red, looked tired. â€Å"Wanda,† began the doctor. â€Å"That is your name, isn’t it?† â€Å"Yes, ma’am,† said Wanda in her clear voice. â€Å"I’m going to tell you exactly what I’m going to do with you. You’re right-handed, I suppose.† â€Å"Yes, ma’am.† â€Å"Very well, then, I’ll spray a little patch on your left forearm with an anesthetic. It will just feel like a cool wind. Nothing else. I’ll then scrape a little skin from you just a tiny bit. There’ll be no pain, no blood, no mark afterward. When I’m done, I’ll spray a little disinfectant on it. The whole thing will take just a few minutes. Does that sound all right to you?† â€Å"Sure,† said Wanda, as she held out her arm. When it was over, Dr. Endelecki said, â€Å"I’ll put the scraping under the microscope, choose a decent cell, and put my computerized gene analyzer to work. It will mark off every last nucleotide, but there are billions of them. It will probably take the better part of a day. It’s all automatic, of course, so I won’t be sitting here watching it and there’s no point in your doing so, either. â€Å"Once the genome is prepared, it will take an even longer time to analyze it. If you want a complete job, it may take a couple of weeks. That is why it’s so expensive a procedure. The work is hard and long. I’ll call you in when I have it.† She turned away, as if she had dismissed the family, and busied herself with the gleaming apparatus on the table in front of her. Seldon said, â€Å"If you come across anything unusual, will you get in touch with me instantly? I mean, don’t wait for a complete analysis if you find something in the first hour. Don’t make me wait.† â€Å"The chances of finding anything in the first hour are very slim, but I promise you, Professor Seldon that I will be in touch with you at once if it seems necessary.† Manella snatched Wanda’s arm and led her off triumphantly. Raych followed, feet dragging. Seldon lingered and said, â€Å"This is more important than you know, Dr. Endelecki.† Dr. Endelecki nodded as she said, â€Å"Whatever the reason, Professor, I’ll do my best.† Seldon left, his lips pressed tightly together. Why he had thought that somehow the genome would be worked out in five minutes and that a glance at it in another five minutes would give him an answer, he did not know. Now he would have to wait for weeks, without knowing what would be found. He ground his teeth. Would his newest brainchild, the Second Foundation, ever be established or was it an illusion that would remain always just out of reach? 7 Hari Seldon walked into Dr. Endelecki’s office, a nervous smile on his face. He said, â€Å"You said a couple of weeks, Doctor. It’s been over a month mow.† Dr. Endelecki nodded. â€Å"I’m sorry, Professor Seldon but you wanted everything exact and that is what I have tried to do.† â€Å"Well?† The look of anxiety on Seldon’s face did not disappear. What did you find?† â€Å"A hundred or so defective genes.† â€Å"What! Defective genes. Are you serious, Doctor?† â€Å"Quite serious. Why not? There are no genomes without at least a hundred defective genes; usually there are considerably more. It’s not as bad as it sounds, you know.† â€Å"No, I don’t know. You’re the expert, Doctor, not I.† Dr. Endelecki sighed and stirred in her chair. â€Å"You don’t know anything about genetics, do you, Professor?† â€Å"No, I don’t. A man can’t know everything.† â€Å"You’re perfectly right. I know nothing about this-what do you call it?-this psychohistory of yours.† Dr. Endelecki shrugged, then continued. â€Å"If you wanted to explain anything about it, you would be forced to start from the beginning and I would probably not understand it even so. â€Å"Now, as to genetics-â€Å" â€Å"Well?† â€Å"An imperfect gene usually means nothing. There are imperfect genes-so imperfect and so crucial that they produce terrible disorders. These are very rare, though. Most imperfect genes simply don’t work with absolute accuracy. They’re like wheels that are slightly out of balance. A vehicle will move along, trembling a bit, but it will move along.† â€Å"Is that what Wanda has?† â€Å"Yes. More or less. After all, if all genes were perfect, we would all look precisely the same, we would all behave precisely the same. It’s the difference in genes that makes for different people.† â€Å"But won’t it get worse as we grow older?† â€Å"Yes. We all get worse as we grow older. I noticed you limping when you came in. Why is that?† â€Å"A touch of sciatica,† muttered Seldon. â€Å"Did you have it all your life?† â€Å"Of course not.† â€Å"Well, some of your genes have gotten worse with time and now you limp.† â€Å"And what will happen to Wanda with time?† â€Å"I don’t know. I can’t predict the future, Professor; I believe that is your province. However, if I were to hazard a guess, I would say that nothing unusual will happen to Wanda-at least, genetically-except the gathering of old age.† Seldon said, â€Å"Are you sure?† â€Å"You have to take my word for it. You wanted to find out about Wanda’s genome and you ran the risk of discovering things perhaps it is better not to know. But I tell you that, in my opinion, I can see nothing terrible happening to her.† â€Å"The imperfect genes-should we fix them? Can we fix them?† â€Å"No. In the first place, it would be very expensive. Secondly, the chances are that they would not stay fixed. And finally, people are against it. â€Å"But why?† â€Å"Because they’re against science in general. You should know this as well as anyone, Professor. I’m afraid the situation is such, especially since Cleon’s death, that mysticism has been gaining ground. People don’t believe in fixing genes scientifically. They would rather cure things by the laying on of hands or by mumbo-jumbo of some sort or other. Frankly it is extremely difficult for me to continue with my job. Very little funding is coming in.† Seldon nodded. â€Å"Actually I understand this situation all too well. Psychohistory explains it, but I honestly didn’t think the situation was growing so bad so rapidly. I’ve been too involved in my own work to see the difficulties all around me.† He sighed. â€Å"I’ve been watching the Galactic Empire slowly fall apart for over thirty years now-and now that it’s beginning to collapse much more rapidly, I don’t see how we can stop it in time.† â€Å"Are you trying to?† Dr. Endelecki seemed amused. â€Å"Yes, I am.† â€Å"Lots of luck. About your sciatica. You know, fifty years ago it could have been cured. Not now, though.† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Well, the devices used for it are gone; the people who could have handled them are working on other things. Medicine is declining.† â€Å"Along with everything else,† mused Seldon. â€Å"But let’s get back to Wanda. I feel she is a most unusual young woman with a brain that is different from most. What do her genes tell you about her brain?† Dr. Endelecki leaned back in her chair. â€Å"Professor Seldon do you know just how many genes are involved in brain function?† â€Å"No. â€Å"I’ll remind you that, of all the aspects of the human body, the brain function is the most intricate. In fact, as far as we know, there is nothing in the Universe as intricate as the human brain. So you won’t be surprised when I tell you that there are thousands of genes that each play a role in brain function.† â€Å"Thousands?† â€Å"Exactly. And it is impossible to go through those genes and see anything specifically unusual. I will take your word for it, as far as Wanda is concerned. She is an unusual girl with an unusual brain, but I see nothing in her genes that can tell me anything about that brain-except, of course, that it is normal.† â€Å"Could you find other people whose genes for mental functioning are like Wanda’s, that have the same brain pattern?† â€Å"I doubt it very much. Even if another brain were much like hers, there would still be enormous differences in the genes. No use looking for similarities. Tell me, Professor, just what is it about Wanda that makes you think her brain is so unusual?† Seldon shook his head. â€Å"I’m sorry. It’s not something I can discuss.† â€Å"In that case, I am certain that I can find out nothing for you. How did you discover that there was something unusual about her brain-this thing you can’t discuss?† â€Å"Accident,† muttered Seldon. â€Å"Sheer accident.† â€Å"In that case, you’re going to have to find other brains like hers-also by accident. Nothing else can be done.† Silence settled over both of them. Finally Seldon said, â€Å"Is there anything else you can tell me?† â€Å"I’m afraid not. Except that I’ll send you my bill.† Seldon rose with an effort. His sciatica hurt him badly. â€Å"Well then, thank you, Doctor. Send the bill and I’ll pay it.† Hari Seldon left the doctor’s office, wondering just what he would do next. How to cite Forward the Foundation Chapter 23, Essay examples